Gambaran Kondisi Fisik, Status Gizi, Tingkat Kognitif dan Mental melalui Skrining Kesehatan pada Lansia di Kota Makassar

Abstract

Background: The global increase in the elderly population has led to a rising need for health services that
focus not only on disease management but also on maintaining physical function, cognitive ability, mental
health, and nutritional status. Older adults are a vulnerable group who experience physiological changes that
may lead to hypertension, cognitive decline, depression, and nutritional problems, all of which can affect their
independence and quality of life.
Objective: To describe the physical condition, nutritional status, cognitive level, and mental health of older
adults through health screening in Makassar City.
Method: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design. A total of 57 older adults selected randomly
in Makassar City participated in health screening. Physical assessments included blood pressure, resting heart
rate, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Independence level was measured using the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scale, cognitive function using the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), mental condition using the Geriatric
Depression Scale (GDS), and nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).
Results: Most respondents were female (56.14%) and aged 60–69 years (75.44%). A total of 61.40% had
normal blood pressure, while 38.60% had hypertension. Resting heart rate was mostly normal (92.98%).
Based on BMI, 59.65% had normal nutritional status, while 21.05% were underweight and 19.30%
overweight/obese. Independence levels showed that 91.2% were in good condition. Cognitive function
revealed 66.7% normal, with 31.6% experiencing moderate to severe impairment. Mental health assessment
showed 36.9% experienced mild to severe depression. Nutritional screening indicated that 54.4% were at risk
of malnutrition or already malnourished.
Conclusion: Although most older adults showed good physical condition and independence, significant health
issues were identified, including hypertension, cognitive impairment, depression, and risk of malnutrition.
Comprehensive promotive and preventive efforts are needed to improve the physical, mental, and nutritional
well-being of older adults in Makassar City.